BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA -- For more than two decades, no one listened to Sally Leydon as she begged for help to find her mother who mysteriously vanished during a trip abroad in 1997.
At the time, Australian police dismissed her concerns, insisting that her mother, Marion Barter, had disappeared by choice, and wanted nothing to do with her family.
It was a story Leydon refused to accept, and on Thursday her efforts to find her mother led to a crowded courtroom in western Sydney, where a coroner handed down her findings in an inquest spanning almost three years.
For many, the final inquest hearing offered the ultimate live update of an Australian podcast that has meticulously pieced together evidence in the case since the first episode aired in March 2019.
On Thursday morning, Leydonâs most loyal Australian supporters crammed into the courtroom, wearing green, Barterâs favourite colour, as the podcastâs followers in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Europe, the United Kingdom and beyond tuned into a live YouTube feed as Magistrate Teresa OâSullivan delivered her findings.
âMarion Barter is deceased, and died some unknown time after October 15, 1997,â said OâSullivan from the bench. Barterâs body has never been found.
Leydon didnât need a coroner to confirm her motherâs death â she has long accepted that painful truth in the absence of any evidence otherwise.
But the coronerâs words confirmed what sheâd suspected for years â that the early police investigation into her motherâs disappearance was botched, and that Ric Blum â a convicted conman now in his 80s, who admitted having an affair with Barter in the months before she vanished â had lied repeatedly on the stand and knew more about her motherâs disappearance than he was letting on.
A mother vanishes
In 1997, Marion Barter was ready for a change, and on June 22, she boarded a plane from Brisbane, Australia to the United Kingdom with plans for a holiday and perhaps a fresh start.
In rather dramatic fashion, the 51-year-old teacher had quit her job halfway through the school year, sold her house, and put her beloved antiques into storage on the understanding that one day sheâd come home to get them, or have them shipped to her, if she settled in the U.K.
As far as anyone knew, she was traveling alone.
After three marriages and divorces, Barter was single with two children who were in their 20s and engaged to their partners. Leydon told CNN she encouraged her to go and Barter arrived safely in the U.K. in late June 1997. She kept in touch with friends and family with postcards and a letter.
On August 1, Barter phoned Leydon purportedly from a payphone in Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England.
Leydon, then 24 years old, told the podcast she had just finished telling her mother about the wedding dress sheâd bought when the payphone ran out of credit. She never heard from her mother again.
At first Leydon didnât dwell on the silence, but on October 18, when Barter didnât phone her son, Leydonâs brother Owen, for his birthday, she started to worry.
One of the first calls Leydon made was to Barterâs bank to see if her mother was using her account. Regular amounts were coming out, a bank worker told her, but not from the U.K.
Someone in Australia had been using her motherâs identification to withdraw 5,000 Australian dollars ($3,450.00) every day for three weeks over the counter in Byron Bay and the Gold Coast, where Barter used to live.
A shocked Leydon was sure it wasnât her mother and reported it to the police.
Then came the response that set Leydon on a course thatâs consumed most of her adult life.
Police told her that the bank confirmed that her mother had withdrawn her money and wanted nothing to do with her family.
Barter had returned to Australia, they said, and wanted to disappear.
A new life, and a new name
Years went by with little information about what happened to Barter, until an intriguing clue emerged via a police investigation that belatedly began a decade later.
Barter had changed her name in the weeks before she left and returned to Australia on August 2, 1997 â just one day after she last spoke with Leydon.
Barterâs new name was Florabella Natalia Marion Remakel, and her incoming passenger card listed her as a married resident of Luxembourg, according to the inquest.
The name âRemakelâ opened new doors that led police to Blum.
In 1994, Blum placed an advertisement in an Australian-French newspaper, describing himself as a single, 47-year-old âtall, dark, soberâ man, who was looking for a relationship with a view to marriage.
The ad was signed âMr. F. Remakel,â but the phone number linked to a coin business in the New South Wales town of Ballina run by one of Blumâs many aliases.
The inquest heard Blum held at least 10 passports in different names that he used for international travel.
He told the inquest he frequently adopted new aliases for âfantasy ⌠because it was legal.â
âI didnât have a specific purpose,â he said.
When asked what name he was given at birth, Blum replied, âI donât really know. But on the record of my birth ⌠I was declared Willy Coppenolle.â
âThis marks the mysterious beginning of Mr. Blumâs life,â the coroner noted in her findings.
A man of many names
Blum was born in July 1939 to unmarried parents in Tournai, Belgium, a picturesque city near the French border. He said he spent time in an orphanage before being returned to his mother and taking the name of her new husband â Wouters.
Blum arrived in Australia as Willy Wouters in 1969 but left just a year later. His next destination was France, where he was imprisoned for âfraud, forgery, confidence tricks, and giving a false identity,â the inquest heard.
After his release in 1974, he returned to Australia by boat, and in February 1976 became an Australian citizen under the name Frederick de Hedervary.
Around the same time, Blum married his fourth wife â a 19-year-old woman he met in 1969 on the boat from the United Kingdom â to whom he is still married.
Frederick and Diane de Hedervary settled into life in Australia before moving to Luxembourg, Belgium, and the U.K. for several years, and then returning to Australia in 1986. By then, they had two children.
In 1997, the family was living in regional New South Wales, where Blum collected a disability pension and his wife received a carerâs pension. When it was put to Blum in court that at that time âmoney was tight,â he agreed.
Blum told the court he began an affair with Barter in February that year, though itâs unclear how they met â it may have been through the personal advertisement that Blum placed in 1994, presenting himself as âMr F. Remakel.â
He claimed he may have answered an ad placed by Barter, but the coroner could find no evidence of that.
Blum said their affair ended in the weeks before she went overseas in June when he told her he couldnât see her anymore because he was married with children.
He testified the last time he saw her was three weeks before she left for the U.K., when she collected tea chests sheâd left at his house with a man in uniform, who he took âto be a navy officer or a pilot.â
Deceived lovers
The real Mr. F. Remakel is the ex-husband of a woman Blum once knew, Monique Cornelius, who claimed they had an affair, which Blum denies.
According to testimony read out in court in February 2022, Cornelius told police Blum was a serial liar who told her he worked as a special agent at the British Embassy in Luxembourg.
She said he wrote her a letter in 1980 professing his love for her and suggesting he would buy a boat so they could sail away together.
âI am intimately persuaded that you will not regret your decision to leave with me and to start a new life,â he wrote in the letter, which was read to the court.
Their affair ended when she found out he was married and kicked him out, Cornelius told police. Blum told the court Cornelius had lied about their relationship, which was platonic, he said.
Other women told the inquest of their encounters with the man now known as Blum. Some were romantic, others not. But all involved allegations of deceit.
Ginette Gaffney-BowanâŻtold the court that she placed an advertisement in a newspaper in the late 1990s that was answered by Blum, who she knew asâŻFrederick De Hedervary.
She said at that time, she was âextremely lonelyâ and working long hours in her childcare business.
Gaffney-Bowan said Blum told her he had lost his home, so she said he could stay in the studio apartment at her property in Sydney during his frequent trips to the city.
She said their relationship wasnât sexual, and instead he proposed a business partnership, dealing in coins. With dreams of closing her stressful childcare business, she gave him 30,000 Australian dollars ($19,500) in start-up funding. Soon after, he proposed that she sell her house so he could buy her what he called a âbeautiful and spaciousâ apartment in Paris, she said. She refused.
Gaffney-Bowan told the court Blum belittled her and tried to drive a wedge between her and her daughters over the sale of her house. While Blum didnât physically hurt her, she told the court he tried to blackmail her with nude photos he had taken of her. She said she became scared of him, went to the police and was granted an apprehended violence order in early 1999.
Blum told the court that Gaffney-Bowan had âdragged me into a bedâ and asked him to take âsalaciousâ photos of her, which he didnât have developed. He denied taking her money.
Another lonely divorcee, Janet Oldenburg told the court she met Blum, who she knew as âRickâ or âRichâ in 1996 through her husbandâs coin-collecting circles where they both lived in New South Wales. They reconnected in 1999 when she was 51 years old and had just finalized her divorce, she said.
Blum had offered her a job, but before sheâd started, she said he urged her to move with him to the French Riviera âto start a new life.â
Blum denied ever telling Oldenburg he had feelings for her and said he had bought her a one-way ticket to Europe because she wanted to find an agent and start a new career as a belly dancer.
Oldenburg claimed that Blum abandoned her in England during their travels after inventing a story that heâd been attacked at a train station while taking a side business trip to Lille, France.
Blum admitted in court that heâd abandoned her in England because he no longer wanted anything to do with her. âMy life was with my wife and kids in Australia,â he said.
He denied her claims heâd stolen jewelry and the title deeds to her house.
Several years later, Ghislaine Danlois-Dubois met Blum in 2006 through an advertisement she posted in a newspaper seeking companionship. Via video link from Brussels, she told the court she knew him as Frederick de Hedervary.
At the time, Danlois-Dubois was a 72-year-old widow looking for a distraction, and quickly fell in love with the stranger, who told her he was a bank manager from Australia with an interest in coins, she said.
Danlois-Dubois told the court that after a whirlwind romance, de Hedervary suggested they get married on the Indonesian island of Bali, and that she should sell her house and give him the proceeds so he could open bank accounts for her children, so they had ready cash when they came to visit them in Australia.
She said she refused his requests to keep their impending marriage secret from her children, and he disappeared with her money, some 60,000 euros (US$65,000).
Blum denied the allegations and told the court Danlois-Dubois âdidnât give him a penny.â
Four years later, Blum crossed paths with Andree Flamme, an elderly woman he says was confined to a wheelchair, living with dementia and who âcouldnât put two words together.â
When that was put to Flamme, who gave evidence to the inquest via a live link from Portugal last year, the then 92-year-old laughed. She denied ever needing a wheelchair while he stayed with her, and, yes, she said with a smile, she could put two words together.
Flamme told the court the man she knew as Frederick de Hedervary stayed with her for several weeks in May and June 2010. While there, she said he asked to inspect her late husbandâs coin collection, then disappeared with them one day when she left the house for an errand.
âHe left a little piece of paper to say he was leaving, and heâd be back ⌠but I never saw him again,â Flamme said through a translator. Blum has denied the allegations.
A sixth woman, Marie Landrieu, submitted a statement to the inquiry alleging that sheâd been fooled out of cash in 2012 by a man she knew as âWilly,â who was the cousin of her late husband.
She said Blum had proposed they buy a house together in Bali, so she gave him 100,000 euros ($108,000). But after they travelled to Indonesia, he said he needed to leave on urgent business.
She never saw him â or her money â again.
Blum told the court Landrieu gave him 50,000 euros (US$54,000) in cash that he considered was owed to him from an inheritance from his mother.
He denied trying to seduce her, and said they went to the tropical island because she was âinterested in seeing Bali,â according to the inquest findings.
Where is Marion?
In her findings, Coroner OâSullivan said she accepted the testimony of the women, which showed Blum had a history of mispresenting himself to single, vulnerable women for financial gain.
She found that Blum âexploitedâ Barter, in the same way he later exploited other women who gave evidence against him. OâSullivan said she âdid not accept as accurate anything Mr. Blum has saidâ in the absence of corroborating evidence.
As to Blumâs role in Barterâs disappearance, she drew attention to an âextraordinaryâ claim by Blum on the final day of the inquest, one he made for the first time despite hours of questioning since his first police interview in 2021.
Blum, an elderly man with a full white beard, was asked in the witness box once again if he had any information on the whereabouts of Marion Barter.
âI myself believe she is alive, thatâs what I believe. But I donât know anything about what, what she did or not, nothing. I donât know,â he stammered.
OâSullivan interjected with a question: âWhy do you believe Marion is still alive?â
âShe said that she wanted to separate from her family, she didnât want anything to do with any member of her family,â Blum said. âShe was a bit of a strange person.â
The next day, Blum was recalled via video to explain why he hadnât offered this information to police or the inquest at any time in the previous three years.
He told the court he didnât tell police when he was interviewed in June 2021 âbecause they never asked.â When pushed, he said, âI had no idea of the importance of it. It was just talking. What can I say?â
OâSullivan said in her findings, âThis evidence, along with his lies and deception throughout the inquest has convinced me that he does indeed know more than he is saying.â
She found Blum formed a relationship with Barter in 1997, while posing as Fernand Remakel and âencouraged her to start a new life with himâ in Luxembourg.
The coroner found Blum âpersuaded or otherwise encouragedâ Barter to sell her house before they left, and evidence suggested they spent some time together in England.
During the trip Barter wrote to her daughter Leydon on notepaper branded âHotel Nikko Naritaâ â the same hotel Blum stayed in on his way to Europe. Barter travelled via South Korea, according to her passenger card.
The coroner found that Blum likely gave the hotel notepaper to Barter after they met in England. On her return to Australia, the coroner also found that Barter withdrew money from her accounts in August and October 1997 âon the encouragement of Mr. Blum.â
The day before Barter transferred 80,000 Australian dollars (US$52,000) from her bank account, on October 15, 1997, the court heard Blum opened a safety deposit envelope, but the coroner found no evidence that he received the proceeds.
OâSullivan found that Barter spent some months living in the community undetected, between August and October that year â and that during that time, Blum was in contact with her.
She said Blumâs claim that he last saw Barter when she retrieved the tea chests from his house with a man in uniform in June were âimplausible.â And while she determined that Barter was dead, she said there was no evidence to suggest how, why or when she died.
The coroner explained that it wasnât in her power to assign blame for Barterâs death. But she referred the matter to the NSW Police Commissioner for investigation as an unsolved homicide.
Despite submissions from Leydonâs legal team that Blum should be referred to the director of public prosecutions for alleged perjury and making false statements during the inquest, OâSullivan said that was best left to police as part of the investigation.
The coroner was scathing in her assessment of the initial police response, which she said was âinadequateâ and led to the loss of information that could have determined far earlier what happened to Barter. She also praised Leydonâs âunwavering commitmentâ to finding her mother.
No remains have yet been located, but Leydonâs DNA has been added to the New South Wales and national DNA registries, the coroner said.
âThis means that the DNA profile of Sally [Leydon] will remain on the NSW and National DNA databases and will be searched against all unidentified deceased profiles every day,â OâSullivan said.
OâSullivan concluded by reading Leydonâs own words about her mother, Marion Barter, read from her submission.
â[She was] a kind, caring soul with a wicked laugh. She was intelligent, she was cultured, and she had so many friends who loved and miss her still. She would always bring you flowers or a cake. She was a very generous human.â
Leydon left the court without speaking with local media, but she did tell CNN affiliate 7 News that her search for answers isnât over. âIt just doesnât stop just because weâve got an answer today from the coroner,â she said.
Blumâs believed to be living freely in northern New South Wales and has not faced any charges relating to Barter or any of the other women who gave evidence against him.
Through his barrister, Matthew White, SC, Blum declined CNNâs emailed request for comment.
âHe and his family request that all media respect their privacy,â White said.