Over the course of 2022, Canadian provinces and territories lifted mask mandates amid an increasingly vaccinated population, as did many Western nations.
But now, nearly three years into the pandemic, infectious disease experts and those who work on the frontlines of the health-care system are urging Canadians to don masks again as hospitals grapple with a tidal wave of multiple illnesses, including COVID-19.
Cases of RSV have spiked abnormally this fall and are packing hospital emergency rooms with sick children, health-care workers report, as a shortage of childrenâs medication is worrying parents. Simultaneously, Canada is now officially in a flu epidemic, according to the federal public health agency, and there is increased concern from officials and public health experts about how new variants of COVID-19 could impact the population as the public heads indoors due to the cold weather.
And while federal health officials are strongly recommending Canadians wear masks indoors, Dr. Theresa Tam, Canada's chief public health officer, said on Nov. 10 that itâs up to provinces and territories to make decisions on whether to implement mandates.
"Although no individual layer of protection is perfect, when used consistently and together, vaccine plus layers can provide excellent protection against COVID-19 as well as other infectious diseases we may encounter," said Tam at a press conference Nov. 10.
As well, only half of Canadians have received a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine,
But several jurisdictions have stopped short of issuing a mask mandate, instead opting to recommend masks are worn.
The absence of new mandates comes as a recent survey by NANOS research showed that seven in 10 Canadians would support the return of face masks to some extent. Fifty-two per cent said theyâd support mandates.
Hereâs what the provinces and territories are doing around masks.
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Health officials in B.C. say they are not bringing back a mask mandate at this time.
The Ministry of Health told Nov.15 that through COVID-19 infection and vaccination, there is a high amount of population immunity.
The provinceâs health officer, Dr. Bonnie Henry, told reporters at a press conference Nov.16 that the âheavy handâ of a mandate is not currently needed to send the message that masks are an âimportant toolâ that can be used in every respiratory season.
âWe should have one with us, we should use it in situations where it makes sense,â she said.
B.C. officials also said that the cases of RSV in Ontario are âmore seriousâ than in B.C. and about a quarter of capacity was available in B.C. hospitals for pediatric ICU beds as of this week.
Getting children vaccinated is currently whatâs needed the most, the ministry told ŰÎŰ´ŤĂ˝ Vancouver.
ALBERTA
In Alberta, premier Danielle Smith told reporters Nov. 14 that masking is a personal choice and those who want to wear one, can. Her message comes as the province, particularly schools, are battling influenza, RSV and COVID-19.
She said the government is focused on acquiring more childrenâs pain medication and ensuring hospitals can meet demand.
reported that absenteeism in Edmontonâs public schools reached close to 14 per cent earlier this month. Catholic schools reported that about 15 per cent of students were absent due to illness as of Nov. 14..
SASKATCHEWAN
On Nov. 14, Saskatchewan Health Minister Paul Merriman told reporters that mask mandates have not been a discussion with the provinceâs chief medical officer of health, Dr. Saqib Shahab.
Merriman said itâs an individual's choice whether theyâd like to wear one. At the same press conference, Shahab said requiring masks in schools âprobably is not a feasible thing at this pointâ and âmay not be helpful.â
MANITOBA
Manitoba premier Heather Stefanson said the province has no plans to reinstate a mask mandate.
However, she did encourage those âunder the weatherâ to âprotect othersâ and health-care workers. She did not specify what that protection would entail.
reports that the province is seeing increased hospital admissions, especially among children, for RSV and other illnesses. In a press conference on Nov. 22, health officials said they would not issue a mask mandate but emphasized that vaccination and wearing a mask indoors would help protect individuals.
ONTARIO
At a press conference Nov. 14, Dr. Kieran Moore, Ontarioâs chief medical health officer, said he is
Hospitals in the province have reported they are dealing with an overwhelming number of sick children and pediatric ICU units are operating above capacity,
Influenza and RSV are driving the admissions and the wave of infections has arrived earlier in the fall season than in
Moore said the âdifficult and complexâ fall that was predicted has come to fruition and that COVID-19, influenza and RSV are circulating and Ontario must âuse all layers of protection we have.â
However, Moore said he was not introducing a mask mandate as it hasnât worked in social settings in the past and the announcement heâs made about recommendations is in an effort to get the public âback to basicsâ when it comes to infection prevention.
âThis is protecting our children and those that are the youngest among us. Please parents, grandparents, siblings: If you have any respiratory symptoms, you must mask around those that are vulnerable,â he said.
But Moore said if the pressure on the health-care system continues to increase, a mask mandate would be the âfurthestâ the province goes when it comes to health restrictions.
Ontario Premier Doug Ford also the day before Mooreâs announcement, but did not issue a mandate.
QUEBEC
In a move similar to Ontario, ov. 16 that he strongly recommended the public wear masks amid a âspicy cocktailâ of viruses that are impacting hospitals, which include COVID-19, RSV and influenza.
He also recommended handwashing, and that the public stay home if they are sick.
Quebecâs Premier François Legault ov. 15 that he recommends residents wear a mask in public settings, but added that it was up to an individualâs preferences.
âItâs really a citizen responsibility,â he said.
NEW BRUNSWICK
New Brunswick has not reissued a mask mandate. ŰÎŰ´ŤĂ˝ Atlantic interviewed several Maritime residents who had mixed opinions on
But while many said theyâd be sad to see masks worn again, they would wear one if they needed to in order to protect others.
ŰÎŰ´ŤĂ˝ Atlantic reached out to the Department of Health in New Brunswick regarding mandates on Nov. 14 and was told that if the âsituation changes public health will determine a new approach.â
NOVA SCOTIA
Nova Scotia has not announced any mask mandates since public health requirements around wearing masks ended in July.
ŰÎŰ´ŤĂ˝ Atlantic contacted on Nov. 14 regarding mandates and their request for an interview was declined.
In an emailed statement, the office said: âPublic health continues to assess recommendations and will inform Nova Scotians if any changes are madeâ
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Prince Edward Island has not reissued a mask mandate for the general public. However, the province still has a mask mandate for hospitals, long-term care homes and community care homes.
In an emailed statement to CTVNews.ca on Nov. 17, the province said PEI is experiencing an increase in respiratory illnesses, like other provinces.
âThe mask mandate remains in place for hospitals, and long-term care and community care homes in PEI. At this time, there is no public mask mandate in place,â said Morgan Martin, a senior communications officer for the provinceâs department of health and wellness.
NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
At a press conference Nov. 15, , said she canât implement a mask mandate as the province isnât currently experiencing a public health emergency.
Fitzgerald said she recommends masks be worn in places that are deemed higher risk for COVID-19 and other illness spread.
Recommendations âmay become stronger as time goes onâ and the government is continuing to monitor the situation and will make decisions based on the evidence, she said.
Newfoundland and Labrador are not seeing the same surges in illness as other provinces, she added.
YUKON
Yukon has made no moves toward re-issuing a mask mandate. The territory removed most health measures in March 2022 and removed mask mandates in schools on May 24.
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
According to the territoryâs website, masking remains a recommendation. The territory dropped its Public Health Orders on April 1, 2022.
However, masking is particularly recommended in several scenarios including if someone has tested positive for COVID-19, if they are caring for an individual who has tested positive and for those who are at higher risk of catching COVID-19.
NUNAVUT
Nunavut has not announced they are implementing a mask mandate and the territory lifted restrictions around masks in July.
However, masks are still required in community health centres, Eldersâ facilities and in the Qikiqtani General Hospital that requires patients and staff to wear masks.
With files from ŰÎŰ´ŤĂ˝ Edmonton, ŰÎŰ´ŤĂ˝ Atlantic, ŰÎŰ´ŤĂ˝ Winnipeg, ŰÎŰ´ŤĂ˝ Vancouver and The Canadian Press