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    • U.S. FDA: Pfizer COVID-19 shot appears effective for kids under 5

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    WASHINGTON -

    U.S. federal health officials said Sunday that kid-sized doses of Pfizer鈥檚 COVID-19 vaccines appear to be safe and effective for kids under five, a key step toward a long-awaited decision to begin vaccinating the youngest American children.

    The Food and Drug Administration posted its analysis of the Pfizer shot ahead of a Wednesday meeting where outside experts will vote on whether the shots are ready for the nation鈥檚 18 million babies, toddlers and preschoolers. Kids under five are the only group not yet eligible for COVID-19 vaccination in the U.S.

    Late last week the FDA posted a similar analysis of Moderna鈥檚 shots for children under six.

    If regulators clear the shots by one or both companies, vaccinations could begin as soon as next week with the drugmakers ready to rapidly ship doses ordered by the government. Parents have been pressing federal officials for months for the opportunity to protect their smallest children as more adults shed masks and abandon other public health precautions.

    While only about three per cent of U.S. COVID-19 cases are in the age group six months to four years, hospitalization and death rates in that group are higher than those for older children, according to the FDA鈥檚 analysis 鈥 one reason experts have said protecting this group is important.

    The FDA said children who received Pfizer鈥檚 shots during testing developed high levels of virus-fighting antibodies expected to protect them against coronavirus. That鈥檚 the basic threshold needed to win FDA authorization. But additional testing turned up key differences, with stronger results for Pfizer.

    Pfizer鈥檚 vaccine, given as a three-shot series, appeared 80 per cent effective in preventing symptomatic COVID-19, although that calculation was based on just 10 cases diagnosed among study participants. The figure could change as Pfizer鈥檚 study continues.

    Moderna鈥檚 two-dose series was only about 40 to 50 per cent effective at preventing milder infections, though the two companies' shots were tested at different times during the pandemic, when different variants were circulating. Moderna has begun testing a booster for tots.

    On Wednesday, the FDA will ask an independent panel of vaccine experts to debate both companies鈥 data before voting. The FDA is not required to follow the group鈥檚 recommendations, but the process is seen as a key step in publicly vetting the shots.

    The FDA is expected to make its official decision shortly after Wednesday鈥檚 all-day meeting. The next step: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which recommends how to use vaccines, will convene its own expert panel to debate which tots need vaccinations.

    It鈥檚 not clear how much demand there will initially be for the shots. A recent survey suggests only one in five parents of young children would get their kids vaccinated right away. Vaccines have been available since November for older U.S. schoolchildren, yet less than a third of those ages five to 11 have gotten the two recommended doses, according to government figures.

    For the youngest children, each company is offering different dose sizes and number of shots, beginning at six months through four years for Pfizer and through five years for Moderna.

    Pfizer and its partner BioNTech plan to offer two shots three weeks apart followed by a third at least two months later 鈥 each one-tenth the dose given to adults. Pfizer is currently the only company with a COVID-19 vaccine for older U.S. children.

    Moderna is seeking FDA clearance for two shots, each a quarter of its adult dose, given about four weeks apart.

    The FDA currently allows Moderna鈥檚 vaccine to be used only in adults. But some countries allow full-size doses for teens and half-size shots for kids ages six to 11 鈥 a step the FDA also is considering.

    More than 30,000 U.S. children younger than five have been hospitalized with COVID-19 and nearly 500 coronavirus deaths have been reported in that age group, according to U.S. health officials.

    The government allowed pharmacies and states to start placing orders for tot-sized doses last week, with five million initially available 鈥 half made by Pfizer and half by Moderna.

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    N.L.

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